Phantse iinkampani ze-9W zavalwa, kwaye inani elikhulu leefektri zavalwa ngenkani…
Ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi, izixhobo zokuvelisa eziphantsi, kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, iVietnam itsale iinkampani ezininzi zaphesheya ukuba zakhe iifektri eVietnam kwiminyaka yakutshanje.Ilizwe liye laba lelinye lamaziko emveliso aphambili ehlabathi, kwaye linomnqweno wokuba “ngumzi-mveliso wehlabathi olandelayo”..Ngokuthembela kuphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso, uqoqosho lwaseVietnam nalo lunyukile, lwaba lolwesine ngobukhulu kuqoqosho lwase-Asia.
Nangona kunjalo, lo bhubhani ugqubayo wenze ukuba uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseVietnam lujongane nemiceli mngeni emikhulu.Nangona yayinqabile“ilizwe eliyimodeli yothintelo lobhubhane”ngaphambili, Vietnam iye“ayiphumelelanga”kulo nyaka phantsi kweempembelelo zentsholongwane yeDelta.
Phantse iinkampani ezingama-90,000 zavalwa, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-80 yeenkampani zase-US "zabandezeleka"!Uqoqosho lwaseVietnam lujongene nemingeni emikhulu
Ngo-Oktobha 8, abantu ababalulekileyo eVietnam baye bachaza ukuba ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane, izinga lokukhula koqoqosho lwelizwe kulo nyaka linokwenzeka ukuba libe malunga ne-3% kuphela, eliphantsi kakhulu kunokuba bekujoliswe kuko ngaphambili kwe-6%.
Le nkxalabo ayinasihlahla.Ngokwezibalo ze-Vietnam Statistics Bureau, kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, malunga neenkampani ze-90,000 ziye zamisa ukusebenza okanye zatshona, kwaye i-32,000 yazo sele ivakalise ukuchithwa kwayo, ukunyuka kwe-17.4% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo lokugqibela. unyaka..Inyaniso yokuba iifektri zaseVietnam zingavuli iingcango zazo aziyi kuchaphazela uqoqosho lwelizwe kuphela, kodwa "zichaphazela" iinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle ezifake iiodolo.
Uhlalutyo lubonise ukuba idatha yezoqoqosho yaseVietnam kwikota yesithathu yayimbi kakhulu, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ubhubhani uqhambuke ngakumbi ngeli xesha, iifektri zanyanzelwa ukuba zivale, izixeko zanyanzelwa ukuba zivalwe, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwabethwe nzima…
UZhou Ming, umenzi weeselfowuni ezisele zisetyenzisiwe kunye nezixhobo zeselfowuni eHanoi, eVietnam, uthe ishishini lakhe alinakuthengiswa ekhaya, ke ngoku linokuthathwa njengendawo yokuphila esisiseko.
“Emva kokuba kuqhambuke lo bhubhani, ishishini lam kunokuthiwa limfiliba kakhulu.Nangona umsebenzi unokuqaliswa kwiindawo apho ubhubhani ungekho kakhulu, ukungena kunye nokuphuma kwempahla kuthintelwe.Impahla enokuthi iphume ngaphandle kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngoku ihlehliselwe kwisiqingatha senyanga ukuya kwinyanga enye.NgoDisemba, iodolo yehla ngokwendalo. ”
Kuxelwa ukuba ukususela phakathi kuJulayi ukuya ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, i-80% yeefektri zezihlangu ze-Nike kunye nesiqingatha semizi-mveliso yempahla esemazantsi eVietnam ivaliwe.Nangona kuqikelelwa ukuba lo mzi-mveliso uza kuphinda uqalise ukusebenza ngokwezigaba ngo-Okthobha, kusaza kuthabatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuze lo mzi-mveliso uqalise ukuvelisa ngokupheleleyo.Ukuchatshazelwa kukungaboneleli ngokwaneleyo, ingeniso yenkampani kwikota yokuqala yonyaka-mali ka-2022 isengaphantsi kunoko bekulindelekile.
U-CFO uMat Friede uthe, "I-Nike ilahlekelwe ubuncinci iiveki ezili-10 zemveliso eVietnam, edale umsantsa woluhlu."
Ukongeza kwi-Nike, i-Adidas, i-Coach, i-UGG kunye nezinye iinkampani zase-US ezinemisebenzi yokuvelisa ngobuninzi eVietnam zonke ziye zachaphazeleka.
Xa iVietnam yayibambeke ngokunzulu kulo bhubhani kwaye ikhonkco lonikezelo laphazamiseka, iinkampani ezininzi zaqala “ukucinga kwakhona”: Ngaba yayichanekile ukuhambisa umthamo wemveliso uye eVietnam?Umphathi wenkampani yezizwe ngezizwe wathi, "Kuthathe iminyaka emi-6 ukwakha ikhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla eVietnam, kwaye kuthatha iintsuku ezi-6 kuphela ukuyeka."
Ezinye iinkampani sele ziceba ukufudusa amandla azo emveliso abuyele eTshayina.Umzekelo, i-CEO yenkampani yezihlangu yaseMelika yathi, "i-China ngoku yenye yeendawo ezimbalwa emhlabeni apho zinokufumaneka khona iimpahla."
Ngazo zombini ubhubhane kunye noqoqosho luvakala njenge-alam, iVietnam inexhala.
Ngo-Okthobha woku-1, ngokutsho kwe-TVBS, iSixeko saseHo Chi Minh, eVietnam, sayishiya i-zero reset kwaye yabhengeza ukuphakanyiswa kwe-blockade echasene nobhubhane kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo, ukuvumela iipaki zemizi-mveliso, iiprojekthi zokwakha, iindawo zokuthenga kunye neendawo zokutyela ukuba ziqalise ukusebenza. .Ngo-Oktobha 6, umntu oqheleneyo nalo mbandela wathi: “Ngoku sithe chu siqalisa umsebenzi kwakhona.”Olunye uqikelelo luthi oku kunokusombulula ingxaki yokufuduka komzi-mveliso waseVietnam.
Iindaba zakutshanje ngo-Oktobha 8 zibonisa ukuba urhulumente waseVietnam uya kuqhubeka nokunyanzela isityalo kwi-Nen Tak Second Industrial Zone kwiPhondo laseDong Nai ukumisa umsebenzi weentsuku ze-7, kwaye ixesha lokumiswa liya kwandiswa ngo-Oktobha 15. Oku kuthetha ukuba i Ukumiswa kweenkampani zaseJapan kwiifektri kule ndawo kuya kwandiswa ukuya kwiintsuku ezingama-86.
Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, ngexesha lokuvalwa kwenkampani iinyanga ezimbini, uninzi lwabasebenzi abafudukayo baseVietnam babuyele kwiidolophu zabo, kwaye kunzima kwiinkampani zangaphandle ukuba zifumane umsebenzi owaneleyo ukuba zifuna ukuqalisa kwakhona imveliso ngeli xesha.Ngokutsho kwe-Baocheng Group, umenzi wezihlangu owaziwayo kwihlabathi, kuphela i-20-30% yabasebenzi bayo ababuyele emsebenzini emva kokuba inkampani ikhuphe isaziso sokuqalisa.
Kwaye le yimicrocosm yeefektri ezininzi eVietnam.
Ukunqongophala kabini kwabasebenzi be-odolo kwenza kube nzima kwiinkampani ukuba ziqalise umsebenzi
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, urhulumente waseVietnam ulungiselela ukuqala ngokuthe ngcembe imveliso yezoqoqosho.Kwimizi-mveliso yamalaphu yaseVietnam, impahla kunye nezihlangu, ijongene nobunzima obubini.Enye kukunqongophala kweeodolo zemizi-mveliso kwaye enye kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi.Kuxelwe ukuba isicelo sikarhulumente waseVietnam sokuba kuqaliswe umsebenzi kunye nokuveliswa kwamashishini kukuba abasebenzi kumashishini aqala umsebenzi kwaye baphinde baqalise imveliso kufuneka babe kwindawo ezingenasifo, kodwa ezi fektri zikwindawo ezinobhubhani, kwaye abasebenzi abanakubuya ngokwendalo. ukusebenza.
Ngokukodwa kumazantsi eVietnam, apho ubhubhani unzima kakhulu, nokuba ubhubhane luqulethwe ngo-Oktobha, kunzima ukubuyisela abasebenzi bokuqala emsebenzini.Inkoliso yabo yabuyela kwiidolophu zayo ukuze iphephe lo bhubhani;kubasebenzi abatsha, ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kokuvalelwa kwezentlalo kulo lonke elaseVietnam, Ukuhamba kwabasebenzi kuthintelwe kakhulu, kwaye ngokwemvelo kunzima ukufumana abasebenzi.Ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kwiifektri zaseVietnam kwakuphezulu njenge-35% -37%.
Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka lo bhubhani ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ii-odolo zokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezihlangu zaseVietnam ziye zalahleka kakhulu.Kubikwa ukuba ngo-Agasti, malunga ne-20% yee-odolo zokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezicathulo zalahleka.NgoSeptemba, kukho ilahleko ye-40% -50%.Ngokusisiseko, kuthatha isiqingatha sonyaka ukusuka kuthethathethwano ukuya kutyikityo.Ngale ndlela, ukuba ufuna ukwenza iodolo, kuya kuba ngunyaka kamva.
Okwangoku, nokuba ishishini leembadada zaseVietnam lifuna ukuqalisa ngokuthe ngcembe umsebenzi kunye nemveliso, phantsi kwemeko yokunqongophala kwee-odolo kunye nabasebenzi, kunzima ukuba iinkampani ziphinde ziqalise umsebenzi kunye nemveliso, makubekho ukuqalisa kwakhona imveliso ngaphambi kobhubhane.
Ke, ngaba iodolo iya kubuyela eTshayina?
Ukuphendula le ngxaki, iinkampani ezininzi zaphesheya zisebenzise iTshayina njengendawo ekhuselekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle
Umzi-mveliso waseVietnam weHook Furnishings, inkampani yefanitshala emiselweyo eMelika, iye yanqunyanyiswa ukususela ngo-Agasti 1. UPaul Hackfield, usekela mongameli wezezimali, wathi, “Ugonyo lwaseVietnam alulunganga, kwaye urhulumente ungxamele ukuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso okunyanzelekileyo. .”Kwicala lemfuno yabathengi, ii-odolo ezintsha kunye nokungasemva komelele, kwaye ukuthunyelwa okubangelwa ukuvalwa kweefektri eVietnam kuya kuvalwa.Ibonakala kwiinyanga ezizayo.
UPawulos wathi:
“Sabuyela eTshayina xa kuyimfuneko.Ukuba sivakalelwa kukuba ilizwe lizinzile ngoku, yile nto siza kuyenza.”
I-CFO kaNike uMat Fried uthe:
"Iqela lethu likhulisa amandla emveliso yezihlangu kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuhambisa imveliso yempahla ukusuka eVietnam ukuya kwamanye amazwe, anjengeIndonesia ne China ...
URoger Rollins, i-CEO ye-Designer Brands, isihlangu esikhulu kunye noyilo lwezixhobo, imveliso kunye nomthengisi eMntla Melika, wabelane ngamava oontanga abahambisa amakhonkco okubonelela kunye nokubuyela eChina:
“I-CEO yandixelela ukuba kumthathe iintsuku ezi-6 ukugqiba umsebenzi wekhonkco lonikezelo (ukudluliselwa) owathatha iminyaka emi-6 ngaphambili.Cinga malunga nokuba angakanani amandla awachithwe ngumntu wonke ngaphambi kokuba umke eTshayina, kodwa ngoku apho unokuthenga khona iimpahla Kuphela yiTshayina-kuyaphambana ngokwenene, njenge-roller coaster.
I-LoveSac, umthengisi wefenitshala okhula ngokukhawuleza e-United States, uphinde wathumela ii-odolo zokuthenga kubaboneleli baseTshayina.
UCFO Donna Delomo uthe:
"Siyazi ukuba uluhlu oluvela e-China luchatshazelwa ngamaxabiso, okuya kuxabisa imali encinci, kodwa kuyasivumela ukuba sigcine uluhlu lwempahla, olusinika ithuba lokukhuphisana kwaye lubaluleke kakhulu kuthi nakubathengi bethu."
Kuyabonakala ukuba kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuvalwa okungqongqo kweVietnam, ababoneleli baseTshayina baye baba lukhetho olungxamisekileyo kwiinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa iVietnam, ephinde yaqala ukusebenza kunye nemveliso ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1, iya kongeza ekukhetheni imveliso yeenkampani zokuvelisa.Iintlobo ngeentlobo.
Umphathi jikelele wenkampani enkulu yezihlangu eGuangdong uhlalutye, “(Iiodolo zidluliselwa eTshayina) Lo ngumsebenzi wexesha elifutshane.Ndiyazi ukuba iifektri zibuyiselwa emva.(uNike, njl.njl.) Iinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe zidla ngokwenza iintlawulo kulo lonke ihlabathi.Kukho ezinye iifektri.(Iifektri zaseVietnam zivaliwe).Ukuba kukho iiodolo, siya kuzenza kwenye indawo.Awona mazwe agqithiselwayo akuMzantsi-mpuma weAsia, kulandele iTshayina. ”
Wachaza ukuba ezinye iinkampani ziye zadlulisela ngaphambili uninzi lwamandla omgca wemveliso, kwaye kuncinci kakhulu okushiyekileyo eTshayina.Kunzima ukuvala isithuba somthamo.Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yeenkampani kukudlulisa iiodolo kwezinye iifektri zezihlangu eTshayina kwaye zisebenzise imigca yazo yokuvelisa ukugqiba imisebenzi.Endaweni yokubuyela eChina ukuseka iifektri kunye nokwakha imigca yemveliso.
Ukudluliswa kweodolo kunye nokudluliselwa kwefektri zimbini iikhonsepthi, ezinemijikelo eyahlukeneyo, ubunzima, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.
“Ukuba ukhetho lwesiza, ukwakhiwa kweplanti, ukuqinisekiswa komthengisi, kunye nemveliso iqala ukusuka ekuqaleni, umjikelo wokudluliselwa komzi-mveliso wezihlangu uya kuba ngomnye unyaka onesiqingatha ukuya kwiminyaka emibini.Ukumiswa kweVietnam kwimveliso kunye nokuveliswa kwathatha ngaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-3.Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuhanjiswa kwee-odolo Kwanele ukusombulula ingxaki yexesha elifutshane.
Ukuba awuthumeli ngaphandle eVietnam, rhoxisa iodolo kwaye ufumane enye indawo?Uphi umsantsa?
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, nokuba "i-peacocks indiza kumzantsi-mpuma" okanye ukubuyiswa kwee-odolo e-China, utyalo-mali kunye nokudluliselwa kwemveliso kukhetho oluzimeleyo lwamashishini ukufuna inzuzo kunye nokuphepha ukungonakali.Iintlawulo, iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye nokufunwa kwabasebenzi zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqhuba ukhutshelo lwemizi-mveliso kumazwe ngamazwe.
UGuo Junhong, umalathisi oyintloko weDongguan Qiaohong Shoes Industry, wathi kulo nyaka uphelileyo abanye abathengi bacela ngokucacileyo ukuba ipesenti ethile yezinto ezithunyelwayo ifanele iphume kumazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia anjengeVietnam, yaye abanye abathengi babenesimo sengqondo esingqongqo: “Ukuba awuthengi kumazwe angaphandle. evela eVietnam, uya kuyirhoxisa iodolo yakho kwaye ukhangele omnye umntu. ”
UGuo Junhong wachaza ukuba ngenxa yokuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweVietnam nakwamanye amazwe anokonwabela ukuthotywa kweerhafu kunye nokukhululwa kuneendleko eziphantsi kunye nengeniso enkulu yengeniso, ezinye ii-OEMs zorhwebo zangaphandle ziye zadlulisela imigca yokuvelisa eVietnam nakwezinye iindawo.
Kwezinye iindawo, ileyibhile ethi "Made in Vietnam" inokugcina inzuzo eninzi kuneleyibhile ethi "Made in China".
Nge-5 kaMeyi, ka-2019, uTrump wabhengeza umrhumo we-25% kwi-US $ 250 yeebhiliyoni ezithunyelwa ngaphandle e-United States.Iimveliso, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, izixhobo zendlu, imithwalo, izihlangu, kunye nempahla yokunxiba zisisibetho esinzima kwiinkampani zorhwebo zangaphandle ezithatha indlela yengeniso encinci kodwa ingeniso ekhawulezayo.Ngokuchaseneyo, iVietnam, kunye ne-United States njengeyesibini ngobukhulu ukuthumela ngaphandle, ibonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo olufana nokukhululwa kwiirhafu zokungenisa kumazwe angaphandle kwiindawo zokuthumela ngaphandle.
Nangona kunjalo, umahluko kwizithintelo zeerhafu ukhawulezisa kuphela isantya sokutshintshelwa kwamashishini.Ukuqhuba “kwepikoko ebhabha emzantsi-mpuma” kwenzeka kwakudala ngaphambi kobhubhani kunye neengxabano zorhwebo zaseSino-US.
Ngo-2019, uhlalutyo olwenziwe nguRabo Research, itanki yokucinga yaseRabobank, yabonisa ukuba amandla okuqhuba ngaphambili yayiluxinzelelo lokunyuka kwemivuzo.Ngokophando olwenziwe yiJapan External Trade Organisation ngo-2018, i-66% yeenkampani zaseJapan eziphononongiweyo zathi lo ngowona mceli mngeni wabo wokwenza ishishini eChina.
Uphononongo lwezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo oluqhutywe yiBhunga loPhuhliso lwezoRhwebo lwaseHong Kong ngoNovemba 2020 lubonise ukuba amazwe angama-7 akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia anenzuzo yeendleko zomsebenzi, kwaye umvuzo omncinci wenyanga ungaphantsi kwe-RMB 2,000, ethandwa ziinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe.
IVietnam inesakhiwo esibalaseleyo sabasebenzi
Nangona kunjalo, nangona amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia enenzuzo kubasebenzi kunye neendleko zerhafu, umsantsa wokwenene ukhona ngokufanelekileyo.
Umphathi wenkampani yezizwe ngezizwe wabhala inqaku ngoMeyi ukwabelana ngamava akhe okulawula umzi-mveliso waseVietnam:
“Andisoyiki isiqhulo.Ekuqaleni, iibhokisi zokuleyibhile kunye neebhokisi zokupakisha zingeniswa zisuka eChina, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imithwalo ibiza kakhulu kunexabiso lempahla.Iindleko zokuqala zokwakha ikhonkco lokubonelela ukusuka ekuqaleni azikho phantsi, kwaye ukwenziwa kwezinto zasekhaya kuthatha ixesha. ”
Umsantsa ubonakala nakwiitalente.Ngokomzekelo, iinjineli kwilizwe laseTshayina zinamava amaninzi omsebenzi we-10-20 iminyaka.Kwiifektri zaseVietnam, iinjineli zisanda kuphumelela eyunivesithi iminyaka embalwa, kwaye abasebenzi kufuneka baqale uqeqesho ngezona zakhono zisisiseko..
Eyona ngxaki ibalaseleyo kukuba iindleko zolawulo lomthengi ziphezulu.
“Umzi-mveliso ophucuke kakhulu awufuni bathengi ukuba bangenelele, unokucombulula ama-99 ekhulwini eengxaki ngokwawo;ngoxa umzi-mveliso ongasemva uneengxaki mihla le yaye ufuna uncedo lwabathengi, yaye uya kwenza iimpazamo ngokuphindaphindiweyo uze wenze iimpazamo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.”
Ukusebenza neqela laseVietnam, unokunxibelelana kuphela.
Ukunyuka kweendleko zexesha kukwakhulisa ubunzima bolawulo.Ngokutsho kwabangaphakathi kwishishini, kwi-Pearl River Delta, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza ngosuku olufanayo emva kokuba umyalelo ubekwe yinto eqhelekileyo.KwiiPhilippines, kuya kuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukupakisha kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle iimpahla, kwaye ulawulo kufuneka lucwangciswe ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi zithuba zifihliwe.Kubathengi abakhulu, iingcaphuno zibonakala kwiso lenyama.
Ngokomphathi wenkampani yezizwe ngezizwe, kwizixhobo zebhodi yesekethe efanayo kunye neendleko zabasebenzi, ikowuteshini yaseVietnam kumjikelo wokuqala ibisezantsi ngama-60% kunefektri efanayo kwilizwe lase China.
Ukubetha imarike ngenzuzo yexabiso eliphantsi, ukucinga kwentengiso yaseVietnam kunomthunzi wexesha elidlulileyo laseTshayina.
Nangona kunjalo, abaninzi abangaphakathi kwishishini bathi, "Ndinethemba elikhulu malunga nethemba lemveliso yaseTshayina esekwe kumandla obuchwepheshe kunye nokuphuculwa kwenqanaba lemveliso.Akunakwenzeka ukuba inkampu yokuvelisa imke eTshayina! ”
ITSHAYINA YIZA.IJINANUBO CNCUMACHINERY CO.LTD YIZA….
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2021