Phantse iinkampani ze-9W zavalwa, kwaye inani elikhulu leefektri zavalwa ngenkani…
Ngenxa yeendleko eziphantsi zabasebenzi, izixhobo zokuvelisa eziphantsi, kunye nenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, iVietnam itsale iinkampani ezininzi zaphesheya ukuba zakhe iifektri eVietnam kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Ilizwe liye laba lelinye lamaziko emveliso aphambili ehlabathi, kwaye linomnqweno wokuba “ngumzi-mveliso wehlabathi olandelayo”. . Ngokuthembela kuphuhliso lweshishini lemveliso, uqoqosho lwaseVietnam nalo lunyukile, lwaba lolwesine ngobukhulu kuqoqosho lwase-Asia.
Nangona kunjalo, lo bhubhani ugqubayo wenze ukuba uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho lwaseVietnam lujongane nemiceli mngeni emikhulu. Nangona yayinqabile“ilizwe eliyimodeli yothintelo lobhubhane”ngaphambili, Vietnam iye“ayiphumelelanga”kulo nyaka phantsi kweempembelelo zentsholongwane yeDelta.
Phantse iinkampani ezingama-90,000 zavalwa, kwaye ngaphezulu kwe-80 yeenkampani zase-US "zabandezeleka"! Uqoqosho lwaseVietnam lujongene nemingeni emikhulu
Ngo-Oktobha 8, abantu ababalulekileyo eVietnam baye bachaza ukuba ngenxa yempembelelo yobhubhane, izinga lokukhula koqoqosho lwelizwe kulo nyaka linokwenzeka ukuba libe malunga ne-3% kuphela, eliphantsi kakhulu kunokuba bekujoliswe kuko ngaphambili kwe-6%.
Le nkxalabo ayinasihlahla. Ngokwezibalo ze-Vietnam Statistics Bureau, kwiikota ezintathu zokuqala zalo nyaka, malunga neenkampani ze-90,000 ziye zamisa ukusebenza okanye zatshona, kwaye i-32,000 yazo sele ivakalise ukuchithwa kwayo, ukwanda kwe-17.4% xa kuthelekiswa nexesha elifanayo kunyaka odlulileyo. . Inyaniso yokuba iifektri zaseVietnam zingavuli iingcango zazo aziyi kuchaphazela uqoqosho lwelizwe kuphela, kodwa "zichaphazela" iinkampani zaphesheya kwezilwandle ezifake iiodolo.
Uhlalutyo lubonise ukuba idatha yezoqoqosho yaseVietnam kwikota yesithathu yayimbi kakhulu, ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba ubhubhani uqhambuke ngakumbi ngeli xesha, iifektri zanyanzelwa ukuba zivale, izixeko zanyanzelwa ukuba zivalwe, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kwabethwe nzima…
UZhou Ming, umenzi weeselfowuni ezisele zisetyenzisiwe kunye nezixhobo zeselfowuni eHanoi, eVietnam, uthe ishishini lakhe alinakuthengiswa ekhaya, ke ngoku linokuthathwa njengendawo yokuphila esisiseko.
“Emva kokuba kuqhambuke lo bhubhani, kunokuthiwa ishishini lam limfiliba kakhulu. Nangona umsebenzi unokuqalwa kwiindawo apho lo bhubhani ungekho mbi kakhulu, ukungena nokuphuma kwempahla kuthintelwe.Impahla enokuthi iphume emasimini ngeentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu ngoku ihlehliselwe isiqingatha senyanga ukuya kwinyanga enye.NgoDisemba, lo myalelo wehla ngokwendalo.”
Kuxelwa ukuba ukususela phakathi kuJulayi ukuya ekupheleni kukaSeptemba, i-80% yeefektri zezihlangu ze-Nike kunye nesiqingatha semizi-mveliso yempahla esemazantsi eVietnam ivaliwe. Nangona kuqikelelwa ukuba lo mzi-mveliso uza kuphinda uqalise ukusebenza ngokwezigaba ngo-Okthobha, kusaza kuthabatha iinyanga ezininzi ukuze lo mzi-mveliso uqalise ukuvelisa ngokupheleleyo. Ukuchatshazelwa kukungaboneleli ngokwaneleyo, ingeniso yenkampani kwikota yokuqala yonyaka-mali ka-2022 isengaphantsi kunoko bekulindelekile.
U-CFO uMat Friede uthe, "uNike uphulukene nobuncinci iiveki ezili-10 zemveliso eVietnam, edale umsantsa woluhlu."
Ukongeza kwi-Nike, i-Adidas, i-Coach, i-UGG kunye nezinye iinkampani zase-US ezinemisebenzi yokuvelisa ngobuninzi eVietnam zonke ziye zachaphazeleka.
Xa iVietnam yayibambeke ngokunzulu kulo bhubhani kwaye ikhonkco lonikezelo laphazamiseka, iinkampani ezininzi zaqala “ukucinga kwakhona”: Ngaba yayichanekile ukuhambisa umthamo wemveliso uye eVietnam? Umphathi wenkampani yezizwe ngezizwe wathi, "Kuthathe iminyaka emi-6 ukwakha ikhonkco lokubonelela ngempahla eVietnam, kwaye kuthatha iintsuku ezi-6 kuphela ukuyeka."
Ezinye iinkampani sele ziceba ukufudusa amandla azo emveliso abuyele eTshayina. Umzekelo, i-CEO yenkampani yezihlangu yaseMelika yathi, "i-China ngoku yenye yeendawo ezimbalwa emhlabeni apho zinokufumaneka khona iimpahla."
Ngalo bhubhani kunye noqoqosho luvakala njenge-alam, iVietnam inexhala.
Ngo-Oktobha 1st, ngokutsho kwe-TVBS, i-Ho Chi Minh City, i-Vietnam, ishiye i-zero reset kwaye ibhengeze ukuphakanyiswa kwe-blockade yokulwa nobhubhane kwiinyanga ezintathu ezidlulileyo, ukuvumela iipaki zemizi-mveliso, iiprojekthi zokwakha, iivenkile zokuthenga, kunye neendawo zokutyela ukuba ziqalise ukusebenza. Ngo-Oktobha 6, umntu oqheleneyo nalo mbandela wathi: “Ngoku sithe chu siqalisa umsebenzi kwakhona.” Olunye uqikelelo luthi oku kunokusombulula ingxaki yokufuduka komzi-mveliso waseVietnam.
Iindaba zakutshanje ngo-Oktobha 8 zibonisa ukuba urhulumente waseVietnam uya kuqhubeka nokunyanzela isityalo kwi-Nen Tak Second Industrial Zone kwiPhondo laseDong Nai ukumisa umsebenzi weentsuku ze-7, kwaye ixesha lokumiswa liya kwandiswa ngo-Oktobha 15. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukumiswa kweenkampani zaseJapan kwiifektri kule ndawo ziya kwandiswa kwiintsuku ze-86.
Ukwenza izinto zibe mbi ngakumbi, ngexesha lokuvalwa kwenkampani iinyanga ezimbini, uninzi lwabasebenzi abafudukayo baseVietnam babuyele kwiidolophu zabo, kwaye kunzima kwiinkampani zangaphandle ukuba zifumane umsebenzi owaneleyo ukuba zifuna ukuqalisa kwakhona imveliso ngeli xesha. Ngokutsho kwe-Baocheng Group, umenzi wezihlangu owaziwayo kwihlabathi, kuphela i-20-30% yabasebenzi bayo ababuyele emsebenzini emva kokuba inkampani ikhuphe isaziso sokuqalisa.
Kwaye le yimicrocosm yeefektri ezininzi eVietnam.
Ukunqongophala kabini kwabasebenzi be-odolo kwenza kube nzima kwiinkampani ukuba ziqalise umsebenzi
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, urhulumente waseVietnam ulungiselela ukuqala ngokuthe ngcembe imveliso yezoqoqosho. Kwimizi-mveliso yamalaphu yaseVietnam, impahla kunye nezihlangu, ijongene nobunzima obubini. Enye kukunqongophala kweeodolo zemizi-mveliso kwaye enye kukunqongophala kwabasebenzi. Kuxelwe ukuba isicelo sikarhulumente waseVietnam sokuba kuqaliswe umsebenzi kunye nokuveliswa kwamashishini kukuba abasebenzi kumashishini aqala umsebenzi kwaye baphinde baqalise imveliso kufuneka babe kwindawo ezingenasifo, kodwa ezi fektri zikwindawo ezinobhubhane, kwaye abasebenzi ngokwendalo abanakubuyela emsebenzini.
Ngokukodwa kumazantsi eVietnam, apho ubhubhani unzima kakhulu, nokuba ubhubhane luqulethwe ngo-Oktobha, kunzima ukubuyisela abasebenzi bokuqala emsebenzini. Inkoliso yabo yabuyela kwiidolophu zayo ukuze iphephe lo bhubhani; kubasebenzi abatsha, ngenxa yokuphunyezwa kokuvalelwa kwezentlalo kulo lonke elaseVietnam, Ukuhamba kwabasebenzi kuthintelwe kakhulu, kwaye ngokwemvelo kunzima ukufumana abasebenzi. Ngaphambi kokuphela konyaka, ukunqongophala kwabasebenzi kwiifektri zaseVietnam kwakuphezulu njenge-35% -37%.
Ukusukela oko kwaqhambuka lo bhubhani ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ii-odolo zokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezihlangu zaseVietnam ziye zalahleka kakhulu. Kubikwa ukuba ngo-Agasti, malunga ne-20% yee-odolo zokuthunyelwa kwemveliso yezicathulo zalahleka. NgoSeptemba, kukho ilahleko ye-40% -50%. Ngokusisiseko, kuthatha isiqingatha sonyaka ukusuka kuthethathethwano ukuya kutyikityo. Ngale ndlela, ukuba ufuna ukwenza iodolo, kuya kuba ngunyaka kamva.
Okwangoku, nokuba ishishini leembadada zaseVietnam lifuna ukuqalisa ngokuthe ngcembe umsebenzi kunye nemveliso, phantsi kwemeko yokunqongophala kwee-odolo kunye nabasebenzi, kunzima ukuba iinkampani ziphinde ziqalise umsebenzi kunye nemveliso, makubekho ukuqalisa kwakhona imveliso ngaphambi kobhubhane.
Ke, ngaba iodolo iya kubuyela eTshayina?
Ukuphendula le ngxaki, iinkampani ezininzi zaphesheya zisebenzise iTshayina njengendawo ekhuselekileyo yokuthumela ngaphandle
Umzi-mveliso waseVietnam weHook Furnishings, inkampani yefanitshala emiselweyo yaseMerika, uye wanqunyanyiswa ukususela ngoAgasti 1. UPaul Hackfield, usekela-mongameli wesebe lezemali, wathi, “Ugonyo lwaseVietnam alulunganga ngokukodwa, yaye urhulumente ungxamele ukuvalwa kwemizi-mveliso okunyanzelekileyo.” Kwicala lemfuno yabathengi, ii-odolo ezintsha kunye nokungasemva komelele, kwaye ukuthunyelwa okubangelwa ukuvalwa kweefektri eVietnam kuya kuvalwa. Ibonakala kwiinyanga ezizayo.
UPawulos wathi:
"Sibuyele eTshayina xa kuyimfuneko. Ukuba sivakalelwa kukuba ilizwe lizinzile ngoku, yile nto siza kuyenza."
I-CFO kaNike uMat Fried uthe:
"Iqela lethu likhulisa amandla emveliso yezihlangu kwamanye amazwe kunye nokuhambisa imveliso yempahla ukusuka eVietnam ukuya kwamanye amazwe, anjengeIndonesia ne China ...
URoger Rollins, i-CEO ye-Designer Brands, isihlangu esikhulu kunye noyilo lwezixhobo, imveliso kunye nomthengisi eMntla Melika, wabelane ngamava oontanga abahambisa amakhonkco okubonelela kunye nokubuyela eChina:
"I-CEO yandixelela ukuba kumthathe iintsuku ezi-6 ukugqiba umsebenzi we-supply chain (ukudluliselwa) owathatha iminyaka eyi-6 ngaphambili. Cinga malunga nokuba angakanani amandla achithwa ngumntu wonke ngaphambi kokuba ahambe e-China, kodwa ngoku apho unokuthenga khona iimpahla Kuphela yi-China-iphambene ngokwenene, njenge-roller coaster."
I-LoveSac, umthengisi wefenitshala okhula ngokukhawuleza e-United States, uphinde wathumela ii-odolo zokuthenga kubaboneleli baseTshayina.
UCFO Donna Delomo uthe:
"Siyazi ukuba uluhlu oluvela e-China luchatshazelwa ngamaxabiso, okuya kuxabisa imali encinci, kodwa kuyasivumela ukuba sigcine uluhlu lwempahla, olusinika ithuba lokukhuphisana kwaye lubaluleke kakhulu kuthi nakubathengi bethu."
Kuyabonakala ukuba kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuvalwa okungqongqo kweVietnam, ababoneleli baseTshayina baye baba lukhetho olungxamisekileyo kwiinkampani ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa iVietnam, ephinde yaqala ukusebenza kunye nemveliso ukususela ngo-Oktobha 1, iya kongeza ekukhetheni imveliso yeenkampani zokuvelisa. Iintlobo ngeentlobo.
Umphathi jikelele wenkampani enkulu yezihlangu e-Guangdong uhlalutye, "(Ii-oda zitshintshelwa e-China) Lo ngumsebenzi wexesha elifutshane. Ndiyazi kakhulu ukuba iifektri zithunyelwa emva. (i-Nike, njl.)
Wachaza ukuba ezinye iinkampani ziye zadlulisela ngaphambili uninzi lwamandla omgca wemveliso, kwaye kuncinci kakhulu okushiyekileyo eTshayina. Kunzima ukuvala isithuba somthamo. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo yeenkampani kukudlulisa iiodolo kwezinye iifektri zezihlangu eTshayina kwaye zisebenzise imigca yazo yokuvelisa ukugqiba imisebenzi. Endaweni yokubuyela eChina ukuseka iifektri kunye nokwakha imigca yemveliso.
Ukudluliswa kweodolo kunye nokudluliselwa kwefektri zimbini iikhonsepthi, ezinemijikelo eyahlukeneyo, ubunzima, kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho.
"Ukuba ukhetho lwesiza, ukwakhiwa kwezityalo, ukuqinisekiswa komthengisi, kunye nemveliso iqala ukusuka ekuqaleni, umjikelo wokudluliselwa kwefektri yezihlangu mhlawumbi uya kuba neminyaka enye enesiqingatha ukuya kwiminyaka emibini. Ukunqunyanyiswa kwemveliso kunye nemveliso yaseVietnam kwahlala ngaphantsi kweenyanga ze-3. Ngokwahlukileyo, ukuhanjiswa kwee-odolo Kwanele ukusombulula ingxaki ye-inventory yexesha elifutshane."
Ukuba awuthumeli ngaphandle eVietnam, rhoxisa iodolo kwaye ufumane enye indawo? Uphi umsantsa?
Ekuhambeni kwexesha, nokuba "i-peacocks indiza kumzantsi-mpuma" okanye ukubuyiswa kwee-odolo e-China, utyalo-mali kunye nokudluliselwa kwemveliso kukhetho oluzimeleyo lwamashishini ukufuna inzuzo kunye nokuphepha ukungonakali. Iintlawulo, iindleko zabasebenzi, kunye nokufunwa kwabasebenzi zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqhuba ukhutshelo lwemizi-mveliso kumazwe ngamazwe.
UGuo Junhong, umalathisi olawulayo weDongguan Qiaohong Shoes Industry, wathi kulo nyaka uphelileyo abanye abathengi bacele ngokucacileyo ukuba ipesenti ethile yothutho kufuneka isuke kumazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma Asia anjengeVietnam, yaye abanye abathengi babenesimo sengqondo esiqatha: “Ukuba awuthumeli ngaphandle eVietnam, uya kuyirhoxisa iodolo yakho uze ukhangele omnye umntu.”
UGuo Junhong wachaza ukuba ngenxa yokuba ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kweVietnam nakwamanye amazwe anokonwabela ukuthotywa kweerhafu kunye nokukhululwa kuneendleko eziphantsi kunye nemida yenzuzo enkulu, ezinye ii-OEM zokurhweba zangaphandle ziye zadlulisela imigca yokuvelisa eVietnam nakwezinye iindawo.
Kwezinye iindawo, ileyibhile ethi "Made in Vietnam" inokugcina inzuzo eninzi kuneleyibhile ethi "Made in China".
Nge-5 kaMeyi, ka-2019, uTrump wabhengeza umrhumo we-25% kwi-US $ 250 yeebhiliyoni ezithunyelwa ngaphandle e-United States. Iimveliso, oomatshini bemizi-mveliso, izixhobo zendlu, imithwalo, izihlangu, kunye nempahla yokunxiba zisisibetho esinzima kwiinkampani zorhwebo zangaphandle ezithatha indlela yengeniso encinci kodwa ingeniso ekhawulezayo. Ngokuchaseneyo, iVietnam, kunye ne-United States njengeyesibini ngobukhulu ukuthumela ngaphandle, ibonelela ngonyango olukhethekileyo olufana nokukhululwa kwiirhafu zokungenisa kumazwe angaphandle kwiindawo zokuthumela ngaphandle.
Nangona kunjalo, umahluko kwizithintelo zeerhafu ukhawulezisa kuphela isantya sokutshintshelwa kwamashishini. Ukuqhuba “kwepikoko ebhabha emzantsi-mpuma” kwenzeka kwakudala ngaphambi kobhubhani kunye neengxabano zorhwebo zaseSino-US.
Ngo-2019, uhlalutyo olwenziwe nguRabo Research, itanki yokucinga yaseRabobank, yabonisa ukuba amandla okuqhuba ngaphambili yayiluxinzelelo lokunyuka kwemivuzo. Ngokophando olwenziwe yiJapan External Trade Organisation ngo-2018, i-66% yeenkampani zaseJapan eziphononongiweyo zathi lo ngowona mceli mngeni wabo wokwenza ishishini eChina.
Uphononongo lwezoqoqosho kunye norhwebo oluqhutywe yiBhunga loPhuhliso lwezoRhwebo lwaseHong Kong ngoNovemba 2020 lubonise ukuba amazwe angama-7 akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia anenzuzo yeendleko zomsebenzi, kwaye umvuzo omncinci wenyanga ungaphantsi kwe-RMB 2,000, ethandwa ziinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe.
IVietnam inesakhiwo esibalaseleyo sabasebenzi
Nangona kunjalo, nangona amazwe akuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia enenzuzo kubasebenzi kunye neendleko zerhafu, umsantsa wokwenene ukhona ngokufanelekileyo.
Umphathi wenkampani yezizwe ngezizwe wabhala inqaku ngoMeyi ukwabelana ngamava akhe okulawula umzi-mveliso waseVietnam:
Andisoyiki isiqhulo. Ekuqaleni, iibhokisi zokuleyibhela kunye neebhokisi zokupakisha zisuka eTshayina, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha imithwalo ibiza kakhulu kunexabiso lempahla. Iindleko zokuqala zokwakha ikhonkco lokubonelela ukusuka ekuqaleni azikho phantsi, kwaye ukugcinwa kwezinto zasekhaya kuthatha ixesha.
Umsantsa ubonakala nakwiitalente. Ngokomzekelo, iinjineli kwilizwe laseTshayina zinamava amaninzi omsebenzi we-10-20 iminyaka. Kwiifektri zaseVietnam, iinjineli zisanda kuphumelela eyunivesithi iminyaka embalwa, kwaye abasebenzi kufuneka baqale uqeqesho ngezona zakhono zisisiseko. .
Eyona ngxaki ibalaseleyo kukuba iindleko zolawulo lomthengi ziphezulu.
“Umzi-mveliso osebenza kakuhle kakhulu awufuni bathengi ukuba bangenelele, unokucombulula ama-99 ekhulwini eengxaki ngokwabo; ngoxa umzi-mveliso ongasemva uneengxaki mihla le yaye ufuna uncedo lwabathengi, yaye uya kwenza iimpazamo eziphindaphindiweyo yaye wenze iimpazamo ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo.”
Ukusebenza neqela laseVietnam, unokunxibelelana kuphela.
Ukunyuka kweendleko zexesha kukwakhulisa ubunzima bolawulo. Ngokutsho kwabangaphakathi kwishishini, kwi-Pearl River Delta, ukuhanjiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza ngosuku olufanayo emva kokuba umyalelo ubekwe yinto eqhelekileyo. KwiiPhilippines, kuya kuthatha iiveki ezimbini ukupakisha kunye nokuthumela ngaphandle iimpahla, kwaye ulawulo kufuneka lucwangciswe ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi zithuba zifihliwe. Kubathengi abakhulu, iingcaphuno zibonakala kwiso lenyama.
Ngokomphathi wenkampani yezizwe ngezizwe, kwizixhobo zebhodi yesekethe efanayo kunye neendleko zabasebenzi, ikowuteshini yaseVietnam kumjikelo wokuqala yayisezantsi ngama-60% kunefektri efanayo kwilizwe lase China.
Ukubetha imarike ngenzuzo yexabiso eliphantsi, ukucinga kwentengiso yaseVietnam kunomthunzi wexesha elidlulileyo laseTshayina.
Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwabantu abangaphakathi kwishishini bathi, "Ndinethemba elikhulu malunga nethemba leshishini lemveliso laseTshayina ngokusekwe kumandla obuchwepheshe kunye nophuculo lwenqanaba lokwenziwa kwemveliso. Akunakwenzeka ukuba inkampu esisiseko sokwenza imke eTshayina!"
ITSHAYINA YIZA. IJINANUBO CNCUMACHINERY CO.LTD YIZA….
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-19-2021